![]() Highly concentrated urban areas, especially in coastal regions and in developing countries, are disproportionately vulnerable to extreme weather and infectious disease. Studies suggest that cities account for 40-70% of all GHG emissions worldwide due to resource consumption and energy, infrastructure, and transportation demands (7). However, cities are still major sources of GHG emissions (6). Urban areas are also more likely than non-urban areas to have adequate emergency services (5), and so may be better equipped to provide critical assistance to residents in the case of climate-related stress and events such as heat waves, floods, storms, and disease outbreaks. Because cities are more dense and walkable (2), urban per capita emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are almost always substantially lower than average per capita emissions for the countries in which they are located (3, 4). Over half of the world’s population lives in urban areas (1). The urban environment presents important considerations for global climate change. ![]() Westphal, Northern Research Station.Īn archived version of this topic paper is available. Nowak, Northern Research Station Lynne M. Gregory McPherson, Pacific Southwest Research Station David J. Hannah Safford, Washington Office Elizabeth Larry, Washington Office E.
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